法律英语研讨会：迈向《联合国国际贸易法委员会国际商事仲裁示范法》

Special Mini LE Workshops: Towards the UNCITRAL Model Law on International Commercial Arbitration

August 2021 must be a special month following the celebration of the centenary of the leading Party in China, in the field of international arbitration. On July 30, 2021, the Ministry of Justice published a Draft Amended Arbitration Law of the PRC for public consultation. The community of international arbitration was vibrantly responsive to the public consultation.

在党的百年诞辰庆典后，2021年8月对于中国国际仲裁一定是一个特殊的月份。2021年7月30日，司法部公布了《仲裁法（修订）（征求意见稿）》（以下简称“《征求意见稿》”）。国际仲裁界对这次征求意见作出了积极响应。

Many institutions and firms organized special consultative conferences and meetings to discuss the published draft and the amendments to the Arbitration Law, which, as we all know, was passed on August 31, 1994 and implemented from September 1, 1995. CIETAC conducted several specialist meetings on or about the draft, CAAL and CMAC conducted several topical on-line meetings in the second and third week of the month.

许多机构和事务所组织了专门的协商研讨会议或通报会议，讨论已公布的《征求意见稿》。大家知道，我国仲裁法是在1994年8月31日通过并于1995年9月1日起实施的。CIETAC就仲裁法修订草案举行了多次专家会议，CAAL和CMAC在本月的第二和第三周举行了几次专题在线会议。

Together with supporting organizations including CIETAC, CMAC, Baker McKenzie Funxun, Fangda Partners, Co-Efforts Law Firms, CUPL and CASS Institute of International Law, CAAL and Linli Law Office conducted two Special LE Workshops with the theme of “New Arbitration Law and New Model Law Community” on August 19 and August 26, 2021, with hybrid and on-line meetings.

在中国国际经济贸易仲裁委员会、中国海事仲裁委员会、贝克麦坚时·奋迅、方达律师事务所、协力律师事务所、中国政法大学外国语学院、中国社会科学院国际法研究所等机构的支持下，中国仲裁法学研究会和北京霖理律师事务所于2021年8月19日和年8月26日分别举办了两次以“新仲裁法与新示范法共同体”为主题的混合和线上迷你法律英语研讨会。

The Draft New Arbitration Law contains many novel rules from the international practice, including the use of seat of arbitration, the introduction of principle of competence and competence, the power of the arbitration tribunal to grant interim measures, and the ad hoc arbitration. These new and positive developments are fully welcome and appreciated. The areas for improvements were identified from these workshops, particularly with regard to the deletion in the amendment of the limited non-enforcement grounds under Article 82 of the New Draft Arbitration Law, and the possible adoption of the UNCITRAL Model Law on International Commercial Arbitration (1985) for the International Chapter of the Arbitration Law.

《征求意见稿》从国际实践中吸收了许多新的规则，包括仲裁地的使用、管辖权自裁原则的引入、仲裁庭采取临时措施的权力、临时仲裁等。这些新的积极的发展受到业界的普遍欢迎和赞赏。我们的法律英语研讨会讨论了有待改进的地方，特别是《征求意见稿》第82条在删除原法律所规定的不予执行的有限抗辩理由后的新的条款，以及在国际商事仲裁中采用《联合国贸易法委员会国际商事仲裁示范法》（1985年版）作为有关仲裁法国际仲裁篇章的可能性。

These workshops noted the value of dual track of invalidation and limited grounds for non-enforcement under the Model Law, as these rules were extensions from the rules of the United Nations Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards (Done in New York, 1958) (“New York Convention”), to which China is a Contracting Party as of 1987.

这两次研讨会注意到了《示范法》通过双轨制分别规定撤销裁决和不予执行裁决的价值，因为这些规则是从《联合国关于承认和执行外国仲裁裁决的公约》（1958年在纽约签署）（《纽约公约》）延伸而来。中国自1987年起是该公约的成员国。

Article V of the New York Convention provides that the enforcing court shall enforce the foreign arbitral awards as a rule and only when the party against whom the enforcement action is sought proves that there are procedural defects of the award or that the award is set aside by the court of the country at the place of arbitration or under the law to which the parties have subjected the award, or under limited public policy and other grounds as listed thereunder, may the enforcing court refuse to recognize and enforce the foreign arbitral awards. The dual track system of invalidation and non-enforcement comes from the New York Convention of 1958 and the Model Law of 1985 made it clear under the express chapters for recourse against the award and recognition or enforcement of the arbitral award. The invalidation as a recourse route is provided apparently for the losing party against the award and the enforcement route is provided for the winning party, with the party against whom the enforcement application is made having limited grounds for defense with burden of proof. The deletion of the limited grounds for non-enforcement (i.e., Article 71 of the present Arbitration Law) takes away the fundamental presumptive rule that an award is legally enforceable as a court judgment and only when the limited grounds for non-enforcement are proved, may the court refuse to enforce it.

《纽约公约》第五条规定，作为一项规则，执行法院应承认和执行外国仲裁裁决，并且只有在被请求执行的一方当事人证明该裁决存在程序上的缺陷，或者该裁决已被仲裁地所在国的法院或根据该裁决所适用的法律被撤销的情况下，或者在有限的公共政策等所列理由下，执行法院才可以拒绝承认和执行该外国仲裁裁决。撤销裁决与拒绝执行裁决的双轨制源于1958年的《纽约公约》，1985年《示范法》则以明示章节规定了“不服裁决的追诉权”和“承认和执行裁决”。双轨制一方面为败诉方提供了撤销裁决的追诉路径，另一方面为胜诉方规定了强制执行裁决而被申请人仅享有有限抗辩权并负有举证义务。《征求意见稿》删除了不予执行裁决的有限理由（即现行《仲裁法》第 71 条），这减损了仲裁裁决如同法院判决般的强制执行效力，并削弱了只有在有证据证明存在不予执行的理由的有限情况下，法院才可拒绝执行裁决的法律预设规则。

While the draft New Arbitration Law is a solid one, the workshops noted that it seems that little attention was paid to the foreign related chapter under the draft. In view of the time of the change that the country is facing at this time, and given that the Model Law has been adopted in 118 legal jurisdictions and 85 countries, the workshops discussed the possibility that the new law simply re-writes the foreign related chapter into an international arbitration chapter to adopt fully the 1985 version of the Model Law. That will bring China to a larger circle of friendly countries and regions that have adopted the Model Law. This is a matter of “how best to get” and “who under the Heaven gets more mutual assistance around the world”, which is worth of all attention.

 虽然新的《征求意见稿》是一部有力的法律草案，但研讨会注意到，草案中与涉外仲裁有关的一章似乎没有得到应有的关注。鉴于中国目前正处于百年未有之大变局，并鉴于《示范法》已在118个法律管辖区和85个国家获得通过，研讨会讨论了新的仲裁法是否可以将“涉外仲裁的特别规定”的一章改写为“国际仲裁的特别规定”一章，以便完全采纳1985年版本的《示范法》。这将使中国转身迈入一个已经采纳了《示范法》的更大范围的国家和地区的朋友圈。这是天下“取之有道”和“得道者多助”的事情，请朋友们予以关注。

有关研讨会的具体观点和录音，请联系：

For the specific views and recordings of the workshops, please contact us at :

zhangyulin@linli-law.com/yangkunhao@linli-law.com